Shloka 61
Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)
वाक्पारुष्यं तथोग्रत्वं दण्डपारुष्यमेव च | आत्मनो निग्रहस्त्यागो हार्थदूषणमेव च
vāk-pāruṣyaṃ tathogratvaṃ daṇḍa-pāruṣyam eva ca | ātmano nigrahas tyāgo hārtha-dūṣaṇam eva ca ||
毗湿摩说道：“言语刻薄、性情暴烈、刑罚残酷、拘禁其身（强制或囚禁）、将人彻底弃绝、以及造成财物损害——此六者，在教诲中被宣示为由忿怒而生的恶习。它们显示：愤怒一旦失于节制，便会从内心的躁动外溢为言辞、强制、关系决裂与物质伤害。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Anger is not merely an inner emotion; it manifests as specific harmful behaviors—abusive speech, violent intensity, cruel punishment, physical confinement, permanent abandonment, and financial injury. Dharma requires recognizing these outward forms and restraining anger before it becomes social and material harm.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Bhishma enumerates concrete ‘anger-born vices’ as part of his ethical guidance, warning how wrath corrupts judgment and leads to escalating wrongdoing in personal and political life.