Shloka 49
Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)
अन्निदैर्गरदैश्वैव प्रतिरूपककारकै: । श्रेणिमुख्योपजापेन वीरुधश्छेदनेन च
annidair garadaiś caiva pratirūpakakārakaiḥ | śreṇimukhyopajāpena vīrudhaś chedanena ca
毗湿摩说道：“纵火者、投毒者、伪造货物者；以腐败之手收买行会首领者；以及砍伐藤蔓草木者——（此等行径皆列为重罪）。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma identifies destructive and deceitful acts—arson, poisoning, counterfeiting, corrupt manipulation of guild leadership, and wanton destruction of vegetation—as serious ethical violations because they endanger life, erode trust, and damage communal welfare.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma is listing categories of harmful wrongdoing, moving from direct physical threats (fire, poison) to economic deception (counterfeiting, corrupt guild influence) and finally to damage of shared natural resources (cutting plants/creepers).