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Shloka 18

अध्याय ५७ — राज्ञः नित्यप्रयत्नः, रक्षा-प्रधानता, तथा त्याग-नीतिः

Chapter 57: Constant Royal Vigilance, Primacy of Protection, and Principles of Dismissal

कोशस्योपार्जनरतिर्यमवैश्रवणोपम: । वेत्ता च दशवर्गस्य स्थानवृद्धिक्षयात्मन:

bhīṣma uvāca | kośasyopārjanaratir yama-vaiśravaṇopamaḥ | vettā ca daśa-vargasya sthāna-vṛddhi-kṣayātmanaḥ ||

毗湿摩说道:君王应当恒常致力于聚敛并充实国库——断狱行法当如阎摩般公正严明,积聚财用当如毗舍罗伐那(俱毗罗,Kubera)般丰饶。又当通晓支配一国安置得当、兴盛与衰败的十类要素。

कोशस्यof the treasury
कोशस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकोश
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
उपार्जनof acquisition/earning
उपार्जन:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपार्जन
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
रतिःdelight/zeal
रतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
यमYama
यम:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैश्रवणVaiśravaṇa (Kubera)
वैश्रवण:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्रवण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपमःcomparable to / like
उपमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेत्ताknower
वेत्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दशten
दश:
TypeAdjective
Rootदश
Form—, Genitive, Singular
वर्गस्यof the group/class
वर्गस्य:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ग
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
स्थानplace/position
स्थान:
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, —, —
वृद्धिincrease
वृद्धि:
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्धि
FormFeminine, —, —
क्षयdecrease/decay
क्षय:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, —, —
आत्मनःhaving the nature of / consisting in
आत्मनः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yama
V
Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)
K
Kośa (royal treasury)
D
Daśa-varga (tenfold state-factors)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must balance two royal obligations: impartial justice (modeled on Yama) and prudent wealth-management and revenue-building (modeled on Kubera), while also mastering the key analytical categories that explain a kingdom’s stability, growth, and decline.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on practical kingship—emphasizing the treasury as the backbone of governance, the necessity of strict fairness in punishment and adjudication, and systematic knowledge of the factors that affect the state’s fortunes.