Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 35

धर्मद्वारबहुत्वविमर्शः — Reflection on the Many ‘Doors’ of Dharma (Śānti-parva 342)

तुमने मुझसे सुना है कि आर्त, जिज्ञासु, अर्थार्थी और ज्ञानी--ये चार प्रकारके मनुष्य मेरे भक्त हैं। इनमें जो एकान्ततः मेरा ही भजन करते हैं, दूसरे देवताओंको अपना आराध्य नहीं मानते हैं, वे सबसे श्रेष्ठ हैं। निष्कामभावसे समस्त कर्म करनेवाले उन भक्तोंकी परमगति मैं ही हूँ ।। ये च शिष्टास्त्रयो भक्ता: फलकामा हि ते मता: । सर्वे च्यवनधर्मस्ति प्रतिबुद्धस्तु श्रेष्ठभाक्‌,जो शेष तीन प्रकारके भक्त हैं, वे फलकी इच्छा रखनेवाले माने गये हैं। अतः वे सभी नीचे गिरनेवाले होते हैं--पुण्यभोगके अनन्तर स्वर्गादिलोकोंसे च्युत हो जाते हैं, परंतु ज्ञानी भक्त सर्वश्रेष्ठ फल (भगवत्प्राप्ति)का भागी होता है

arjuna uvāca | tvayā mayi śrutaṃ pūrvaṃ caturvidhā bhaktāḥ—ārtaḥ jijñāsuḥ arthārthī jñānī ca | teṣu ye ekāntato mām eva bhajante, anyadevatāṃ nārādhyāṃ manyante, te śreṣṭhatamāḥ | niṣkāma-bhāvena sarva-karmāṇi kurvatāṃ teṣāṃ bhaktānāṃ parā gatiḥ aham eva || ye ca śiṣṭāḥ trayo bhaktāḥ phala-kāmāḥ iti te matāḥ | sarve cyavana-dharmāṇaḥ—puṇya-bhogānantaraṃ svargādi-lokebhyaḥ cyavante | pratibuddhaḥ tu (jñānī bhaktaḥ) śreṣṭha-phala-bhāk—bhagavat-prāptiṃ labhate ||

阿周那说:“我从你处听闻,奉信者有四类——困厄者、求知者、求利者与智者。其中,以一心专奉你、并不以他神为所择所敬者为最上。对那些无求而行一切业行的奉信者,唯有你是至高归宿。至于其余三类,被认为是希求果报之人,因此难免退堕——享尽福德之果后,便从天界等诸世界坠落;唯有觉悟的智者奉信者,得享最胜之果:证得主宰。”

येthese/which
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शिष्टाःremaining/other
शिष्टाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भक्ताःdevotees
भक्ताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
फलfruit/result
फल:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कामाःdesirous (of)
कामाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मताःconsidered/held to be
मताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle) from √मन् (to think/consider)
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
च्यवनfalling down/decline
च्यवन:
TypeNoun
Rootच्यवन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःnature/condition
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√अस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रतिबुद्धःfully awakened/enlightened
प्रतिबुद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिबुद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle) from √बुध् with prefix प्रति-
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
श्रेष्ठthe best/supreme (result)
श्रेष्ठ:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भाक्partaker/recipient
भाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाज् (भाक् as agent-noun)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, agent-noun (क्विप्) from √भज्/√भाज् 'to partake/receive'

अर्जुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
T
the Lord (Bhagavān/Kṛṣṇa implied)
O
other deities (anyadevatā)
S
Svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

Devotion is graded by motive: exclusive, desireless devotion leads to the supreme goal (the Lord Himself), while devotion driven by rewards yields temporary heavenly results and eventual decline; the wise, awakened devotee attains the highest fruit—God-realization.

Arjuna summarizes a teaching he has heard: he lists four kinds of devotees and contrasts reward-seeking worship with single-minded, non-transactional devotion, concluding that the awakened knower-devotee receives the सर्वोत्तम outcome.