Shloka 3

कालनिर्देशः शोकनिवारणं च

Instruction on Kāla and the Removal of Grief

Devanagari script

सूर्येणा भ्युदितो यश्चव ब्रह्मचारी भवत्युत । तथा सूर्याभिनिर्मुक्त: कुनखी श्यावदन्नपि,जो ब्रह्मचारी सूर्योदय अथवा सूर्यास्तके समयतक सोता रहे तथा जिसके नख और दाँत काले हों,- उन सबको प्रायश्रित्त करना चाहिये

Transliteration

sūryeṇābhyudito yaś caiva brahmacārī bhavaty uta | tathā sūryābhinirmuktaḥ kunakhī śyāvadann api ||

Translation

毗耶娑说道：“梵行学生（brahmacārin）若日出之后仍沉睡不醒，或至日落之时仍卧床不起；又若其指甲畸形、牙齿发黑——此等人当行忏悔赎罪之戒行。此教诲昭示：学生之纪律在于清醒警觉、身体洁净与行为有度；若有失范，当依所规定的苦行而改正，不可置之不理。”

Word by Word

सूर्येणby/with the sun (at sunrise)

अभ्युदितःrisen (i.e., after sunrise)

यःwho

चand

ब्रह्मचारीa celibate student (brahmacārin)

भवतिbecomes/is

उतalso/indeed

तथाlikewise/so too

सूर्याभिनिर्मुक्तःreleased after the sun (i.e., after sunset)

कुनखीhaving bad/blackened nails

श्यावदन्तःone whose teeth are dark/blackened

अपिeven/also

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vyāsa

Sūrya (the Sun)

Brahmacārī (brahmacarya student)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A brahmacārin must maintain disciplined daily routine and bodily purity; oversleeping past sunrise, laxity around sunset, and signs of neglect (deformed nails, blackened teeth) are treated as faults to be corrected through prescribed prāyaścitta (expiation).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Vyāsa enumerates specific lapses and physical markers of negligence for which expiatory observances are recommended, emphasizing reform and restoration of discipline.