Shloka 12

कालनिर्देशः शोकनिवारणं च

Instruction on Kāla and the Removal of Grief

Devanagari script

आधानादीनि कर्माणि शक्तिमान्न करोति यः । अप्रयच्छंश्व॒ सर्वाणि नित्यदेयानि भारत

Transliteration

ādhānādīni karmāṇi śaktimān na karoti yaḥ | aprayacchaṁś ca sarvāṇi nityadeyāni bhārata ||

Translation

毗耶娑说：“噢，婆罗多啊，凡有能力却不行从家居诸仪式起的规定之业，又扣留一切应当常施之布施者，便是失其本分，未臻正行。”

Word by Word

• आधानादीनि: acts such as consecration/placing (rites) and others
• आधानादीनि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आधान-आदि
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• कर्माणि: actions, rites
• कर्माणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• शक्तिमान्: capable, having ability
• शक्तिमान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शक्तिमत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• करोति: does, performs
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Present (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अप्रयच्छन्: not giving, withholding
• अप्रयच्छन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-यम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Shatr (present active participle), a- (nañ)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सर्वाणि: all
• सर्वाणि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• नित्यदेयानि: things that must be given regularly (daily obligatory gifts)
• नित्यदेयानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नित्य-देय
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• भारत: O Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Bhārata (address to Yudhiṣṭhira/descendant of Bharata)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Capability creates obligation: one who has the means should perform prescribed duties (especially household/ritual responsibilities) and should not withhold regular, obligatory giving; neglect of both is a lapse in dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Vyāsa addresses Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira) and characterizes a blameworthy type of person: the capable householder who neglects required rites and fails to give what should be given regularly.