Shloka 47

Nārāyaṇasya Guhya-nāmāni Niruktāni (Etymologies of Nārāyaṇa’s Secret Epithets) / नारायणस्य गुह्यनामानि निरुक्तानि

Devanagari script

इनके साथ ही इन्द्रियोंके पाँच विषय अर्थात्‌ स्पर्श, शब्द, रूप, रस और गन्ध एवं मन और अहंकार--इन सम्पूर्ण व्यक्ताव्यक्तको मिलानेसे चौबीस तत्त्वोंका समूह होता है, उसे व्यक्ताव्यक्तमय समुदाय कहा गया है ।।

Transliteration

etaiḥ sarvaiḥ samāyuktaḥ pumān ity abhidhīyate | trivargaṃ tu sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ jīvitaṃ maraṇaṃ tathā ||

Translation

那罗陀说：“与此相伴的，还有五种根境——触、声、色、味、香；并有意（manas）与我慢（ahaṃkāra）。将这一切显与未显合并，便成二十四谛之聚，称为‘显未显之群’。人若与诸要素相应相合，便名为‘补卢沙’（puruṣa，具身之人）。而在此具身之境中，三种世间目标并存，亦有乐与苦，亦有生与死——显明自我在显现世界中的经验，如何由这些因素所架构。”

Word by Word

• {'etaiḥ': 'by these (instrumental plural

• referring to the enumerated principles/constituents)', 'sarvaiḥ': 'by all (of them), entirely', 'samāyuktaḥ': 'joined/associated/combined with', 'pumān': 'man

• the embodied individual (puruṣa in common usage here)', 'iti': 'thus', 'abhidhīyate': 'is called

• is designated', 'trivargam': 'the three aims of worldly life (dharma, artha, kāma)', 'tu': 'and/but (connective emphasis)', 'sukham': 'pleasure

• happiness', 'duḥkham': 'pain

• suffering', 'jīvitam': 'life

• living', 'maraṇam': 'death', 'tathā': 'and also

Speaker

नारद उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Nārada

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that the ‘person’ (pumān/puruṣa in the sense of the embodied individual) is identified through association with the enumerated constituents of experience; within that embodied framework arise the worldly triad (dharma–artha–kāma) and the paired opposites of pleasure/pain and life/death.

What is happening in the narrative?

Nārada continues an analytical exposition (in a Sāṅkhya-like register) describing how the individual is spoken of in relation to the constituents of manifest existence, and how ordinary human pursuits and experiences—aims of life, pleasure and pain, and mortality—belong to that conditioned, embodied state.