Shloka 1013
Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)
रूप॑ चक्षुः प्रकाशश्व दर्शने हेतवस्त्रय: । शरीरस्थ इन्द्रियाँ विषयोंका प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव करते समय अन्यान्य बाह्य गुणोंकी अपेक्षा रखती हैं। उन गुणोंको आप मुझसे सुनिये। रूप
rūpaṃ cakṣuḥ prakāśaś ca darśane hetavas trayaḥ |
毗湿摩开示：直接知觉并非仅由感官自身产生。诸根安住于身，欲对境界作现前经验时，还须依待外在诸助缘。汝当听我说：要亲见一物，须三缘和合——可见之色相（所缘之境）、眼根（能见之器）、以及光明（照明）。
भीष्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
Seeing (and by extension sense-knowledge) arises from multiple necessary conditions: an object with form, a functioning sense organ, and illumination. Bhīṣma emphasizes causal dependence in cognition, encouraging careful discrimination about how knowledge is produced.
In Śānti Parva’s instructional discourse, Bhīṣma continues teaching about the workings of the senses and perception. Here he specifies the three requisites for visual perception—form, eye, and light—as part of a broader explanation of how embodied beings experience objects.