Shloka 57
नारद–शुक संवादः
Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga
मूढ़बुद्धि मानव उस आत्माके सम्बन्धमें द्वैतभावसे युक्त धारणा रखते हुए कहते हैं --'सनातन अव्यक्त परमात्मा दूसरा है और पचीसवाँ तत्त्वरूप जीवात्मा दूसरा, परंतु साधु पुरुष उन दोनोंको एक मानते हैं ।।
yājñavalkya uvāca |
muḍhabuddhayaḥ mānavā ātmanaḥ sambandhe dvaitabhāvena yuktāṃ dhāraṇāṃ kṛtvā vadanti— “sanātanaḥ avyaktaḥ paramātmā anyaḥ, pañcaviṃśaḥ tattvarūpaḥ jīvātmā anyaḥ” iti; kintu sādhavaḥ puruṣāḥ tayor aikyaṃ manyante ||
te na etat abhinandanti pañcaviṃśakam acyutam |
janma-mṛtyu-bhayāt yogāḥ sāṅkhyāś ca paramaiṣiṇaḥ ||
janma-mṛtyu-bhayarahitāḥ paramapada-prāptim icchantaḥ sāṅkhyavidāḥ yoginaś ca jīvātma-paramātmanor bhedaṃ na manyante; jīveśvarābheda-vādinaṃ pūrvoktaṃ darśanaṃ vā sādhumatam api te’bhinandanti eva ||
阎若伐迦说道：愚钝之人以二元之见执著于我，便说：“永恒无显的至上我是一物；而第二十五原理——个我（jīva）——又是一物。”然而智者与圣贤却视二者为一。 那些求至上归趣者——通晓数论（Sāṅkhya）者与瑜伽行者——既离生死之惧，便不赞同将“第二十五”（个我）与不坏者割裂为二。他们不接受对 jīva 与至上者的坚硬分判；反而印可先前所陈、为善人之见的教说：二者本无差别。
याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse critiques a rigid dualism that separates the unmanifest Supreme Self from the individual self. It presents the ‘sādhu’ view: advanced Sāṅkhya-knowers and yogins, seeking the highest state and free from fear of birth and death, affirm non-difference (abheda) between jīva and the Imperishable.
In a didactic setting within Śānti Parva, the sage Yājñavalkya instructs by contrasting two viewpoints: the dull-minded who posit two separate realities (Paramātman vs. jīvātman), and the spiritually mature seekers who regard them as one, endorsing the earlier-stated doctrine of non-duality.