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Shloka 2

Jarā-Mṛtyu-anatikrama: Janaka–Pañcaśikha-saṃvāda

Aging and Death Cannot Be Overstepped

अविद्यामाहुरव्यक्तं सर्गप्रलयधर्मि वै । सर्गप्रलयनिर्मुक्तां विद्यां वै पडचविंशक:,मुनियोंने सृष्टि और प्रलयरूप धर्मवाले कार्यसहित अव्यक्तको ही अविद्या कहा है तथा चौबीस तत्त्वोंसे परे जो पचीसवाँ तत्त्व परम पुरुष परमात्मा है, जो सृष्टि और प्रलयसे रहित है, उसीको विद्या कहते हैं

Vasiṣṭha uvāca: avidyām āhur avyaktam sarga-pralaya-dharmi vai | sarga-pralaya-nirmuktāṁ vidyāṁ vai pañcaviṁśakam ||

婆悉吒说道:诸圣者称那不显现者(原质,prakṛti)——其作用随生起与坏灭而转——为“无明”。而那超越生起与坏灭者——第二十五原理,至上之人(至上补特伽罗/普鲁沙),至上之我,超出二十四谛(tattva)——则名为“明知”。

अविद्याम्ignorance (avidyā)
अविद्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअविद्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey call / they say
आहुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (अहति/आह)
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अव्यक्तम्the unmanifest (avyakta)
अव्यक्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्गप्रलयधर्मिhaving the nature of creation and dissolution
सर्गप्रलयधर्मि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्गप्रलयधर्मिन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed / surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
सर्गप्रलयनिर्मुक्ताम्freed from creation and dissolution
सर्गप्रलयनिर्मुक्ताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्गप्रलयनिर्मुक्त
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
विद्याम्knowledge (vidyā)
विद्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed / surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
पञ्चविंशकम्the twenty-fifth (principle)
पञ्चविंशकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चविंशक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
M
muni (sages)
A
avyakta (prakṛti)
P
pañcaviṁśa tattva (Puruṣa/Paramātman)

Educational Q&A

Ignorance is identification with the unmanifest prakṛti that undergoes creation and dissolution; true knowledge is recognition of the twenty-fifth principle—the Puruṣa/Paramātman—transcending the changing cycle of sarga and pralaya.

In a didactic discourse within Śānti Parva, Vasiṣṭha instructs by defining ‘avidyā’ and ‘vidyā’ in Sāṅkhya terms, contrasting the changeful cosmic principle (avyakta/prakṛti) with the changeless Supreme Self beyond the twenty-four tattvas.