Shloka 40

अव्यक्त-गुण-पुरुषविवेकः | Avyakta, Guṇas, and Discrimination of Puruṣa

Devanagari script

भविष्यति च मे दुःखं कृतेनेहाप्पनन्तकम्‌ । महद्‌ दुःखं हि मानुष्यं निरये चापि मज्जनम्‌

Transliteration

bhaviṣyati ca me duḥkhaṃ kṛteneha appanantakam | mahad duḥkhaṃ hi mānuṣyaṃ niraye cāpi majjanam ||

Translation

婆悉吒说道：“若在此生造作恶业，无尽的痛苦便会在此世降临于我。人身实为大苦所聚；而且更有甚者，罪业之果还会使人沉沦地狱。”

Word by Word

• भविष्यति: will be / will happen
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (simple future), परस्मैपद, 3, singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• मे: of me / my
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: common, genitive, singular

• दुःखम्: sorrow, suffering
• दुःखम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• कृतेन: by (a) done (deed); by what is done
• कृतेन: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत (कृ धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त)
• Form: neuter, instrumental, singular

• इह: here, in this world
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• अप्पनन्तकम्: endless (as to its end)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनन्तक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• महत्: great
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• दुःखम्: suffering
• दुःखम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• मानुष्यम्: human state / human life
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• निरये: in hell
• निरये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: निरय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, locative, singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also, even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• मज्जनम्: sinking, immersion
• मज्जनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मज्जन (मज्ज् धातोः ल्युट्/अन-प्रत्ययान्त भाव/क्रिया-नाम)
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

Speaker

वसिष्ठ उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vasiṣṭha
• Naraka (hell)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Vasiṣṭha emphasizes karmic causality: wrongful actions generate suffering both in this life and, through their ripened results, in the afterlife (hell). The verse urges ethical restraint by highlighting the inevitability of consequences.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s didactic setting, Vasiṣṭha speaks as a moral instructor, warning against sinful conduct by describing the double burden of pain—worldly misery compounded by post-mortem punishment.