Shloka 42
Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)
Devanagari script
वासं कुलेषु जन्तूनां दुःखं विज्ञाय भारत । ब्रह्मघ्नानां गति ज्ञात्वा पतितानां सुदारुणाम्
Translation
毗湿摩说道：“婆罗多啊，当知众生寄居族姓与家宅之中，亦复是苦。又当了知犯‘梵杀’（杀婆罗门）者与堕落失法之人，其归趣何等惨烈可怖。”
Word by Word
वासम्dwelling, residence
वासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवास (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुलेषुin families/households
कुलेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
जन्तूनाम्of creatures/living beings
जन्तूनाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दुःखम्sorrow, suffering
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विज्ञायhaving known/understood
विज्ञाय:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्रह्मघ्नानाम्of Brahmin-slayers
ब्रह्मघ्नानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मघ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
गतिम्course, destiny, state
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
पतितानाम्of the fallen
पतितानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootपतित (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सुदारुणाम्very dreadful/terrible
सुदारुणाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भरतनन्दनO delight of Bharata
भरतनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतनन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes