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Shloka 26

अव्यक्त-प्रबोधः (Awakening to the Unmanifest): The 25th and 26th Principles and Eligibility for Brahma-vidyā

नरश्रेष्ठ! ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय और वैश्य--ये तीन वर्ण द्विजाति कहलाते हैं। उपर्युक्त धर्मोमें इन्हींका अधिकार है ।।

naraśreṣṭha! brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya aura vaiśya—ye trayaḥ varṇā dvijātayaḥ kathyante; uparyukteṣu dharmeṣu eṣām eva adhikāraḥ. vikarmāvasthitā varṇāḥ patante nṛpate trayaḥ; unnamanti yathāsantam āśritya iha svakarmasu. nareśvara! ye trayaḥ varṇā viparīta-karmeṣu pravṛttāḥ san patitā bhavanti; satpuruṣān āśritya sva-sva-karmaṇi sthitvā yathā unnatiḥ, tathā viparīta-karmācaraṇena patanam api bhavati.

噢,至善之人!婆罗门、刹帝利与吠舍——此三种姓称为“再生者”(dvija),唯有他们对上述诸法之义务享有正当权利。噢,国王!当这三种姓趋向禁行或与本分相违之业时,便从其应有的地位堕落;然而在此世间,若依止善人之教导,安住于各自所规定之业,则随其所行而得以升进。噢,人中之主!正如在贤德者庇护之下奉行自分之法能带来提升,行相违之事亦必招致衰败。

विकर्मin wrong action
विकर्म:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अवस्थिताःsituated/engaged
अवस्थिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअवस्था (अव + √स्था)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्णाःclasses (varnas)
वर्णाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पतन्तेfall (down)
पतन्ते:
TypeVerb
Root√पत्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
नृपतेO king
नृपते:
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उन्नमन्तिrise/prosper
उन्नमन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + √नम्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
सन्तम्a good man / the virtuous
सन्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आश्रित्यhaving resorted to
आश्रित्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ + √श्रि
FormGerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
इहhere (in this world/teaching)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
स्वकर्मसुin their own duties
स्वकर्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
N
nṛpati (king)
B
brāhmaṇa
K
kṣatriya
V
vaiśya
S
satpuruṣa

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the three twice-born orders (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya) rise when they adhere to their own prescribed duties under the guidance of virtuous people, and they fall when they engage in actions contrary to their dharma (vikarma/viparīta-karma).

Parāśara addresses a king, explaining a principle of social-ethical order: eligibility for certain dharmas belongs to the twice-born, and their prosperity or downfall depends on whether they remain established in their own duties or deviate into forbidden conduct.