Shloka 9

Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle

Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification

Devanagari script

ततो मानेन सम्पन्नो रक्षन्नात्मपराजयम्‌ । करोति येन भोगी स्यामिति तस्माद्‌ विनश्यति

Transliteration

tato mānena sampanno rakṣann ātma-parājayam | karoti yena bhogī syām iti tasmād vinaśyati ||

Translation

继而，当人得享世间名誉，便恒常竭力以自护，免遭羞辱。怀着“愿我成为享受众乐之人”的目的，他行一切事；而正是在这般奔逐之中，终有一日走向败亡。

Word by Word

• ततः: thereupon; from that
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: indeclinable (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereupon')

• मानेन: by/with honor, respect
• मानेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान
• Form: masculine/neuter, instrumental singular

• सम्पन्नः: endowed; possessed (of)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्पन्न
• Form: masculine, nominative singular (past participle used adjectivally)

• रक्षन्: protecting; guarding
• Type: Verb
• Root: रक्ष्
• Form: present active participle, masculine nominative singular

• आत्मपराजयम्: one's own defeat/disgrace
• आत्मपराजयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मपराजय
• Form: masculine, accusative singular

• करोति: does; performs
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: present tense, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

• येन: by which; whereby
• येन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, instrumental singular

• भोगी: enjoyer; one who enjoys
• Type: Noun
• Root: भोगिन्
• Form: masculine, nominative singular

• स्याम्: may I be; I would be
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: optative (vidhiliṅ), 1st person singular

• इति: thus; thinking/quoting
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति
• Form: indeclinable (quotative particle)

• तस्मात्: from that; therefore
• तस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, ablative singular

• विनश्यति: perishes; is ruined
• Type: Verb
• Root: नश्
• Form: present tense, 3rd person singular (ātmanepada usage common with vi+naś)

Speaker

पराशर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Parāśara

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Honor can intensify ego and fear of disgrace; when actions are driven by the goal of becoming a pleasure-seeker (bhogī), the person becomes trapped in restless striving that culminates in ruin.

What is happening in the narrative?

Parāśara is instructing about the psychological chain: social respect (māna) leads to defensive self-protection against insult, then to pleasure-centered ambition, and finally to destruction caused by that very obsession.