Shloka 19

Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle

Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification

Devanagari script

मर्त्यलोके च राजानो ये चान्ये गृहमेधिन: । महाकुलेषु दृश्यन्ते तत्‌ सर्व तपस: फलम्‌

Transliteration

martyaloke ca rājāno ye cānye gṛhamedhinaḥ | mahākuleṣu dṛśyante tat sarvaṃ tapasaḥ phalam ||

Translation

波罗舍罗说道：“在人世间亦然：诸王与统治者，以及其他居家之人，若见其生于并立于显赫高贵的门第——这一切皆是苦行（tapas）之果。”

Word by Word

• मर्त्यलोके: in the mortal world
• मर्त्यलोके: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्यलोक
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• राजानः: kings
• राजानः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ये: who
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• गृहमेधिनः: householders
• गृहमेधिनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृहमेधिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• महाकुलेषु: in great families
• महाकुलेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाकुल
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• दृश्यन्ते: are seen / are found
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Present, Atmanepada (Passive), Third, Plural

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वम्: all
• सर्वम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तपसः: of austerity
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• फलम्: fruit/result
• Type: Noun
• Root: फल
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

पराशर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Parāśara
• martyaloka
• rājānaḥ
• gṛhamedhinaḥ
• mahākula

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

High status in society—such as kingship or birth in an eminent lineage—is presented as the karmic fruit of tapas (austerity/discipline), emphasizing moral causality rather than mere chance or pride of birth.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva, Parāśara is instructing about the results of spiritual discipline, pointing to visible worldly prosperity and noble birth among rulers and householders as outcomes produced by prior austerity.