Shloka 19

Vasiṣṭha on Saṃsāra, Guṇas, and Misattributed Agency

Mahābhārata 12.292

Devanagari script

येडर्था धर्मेण ते सत्या येडधर्मेण घिगस्तु तान्‌ । धर्म वै शाश्व॒तं लोके न जह्माद्‌ धनकाड्क्षया

Transliteration

ye 'rthā dharmeṇa te satyā ye 'dharmeṇa dhig astu tān | dharmo vai śāśvataṁ loke na jahyād dhanākāṅkṣayā ||

Translation

帕罗娑罗说道：“唯有依正法（dharma）所得之财，才是真实可靠之财；由非法（adharma）得来的财富，只配受谴责。因此，切不可因贪恋财物而舍弃世间恒常之法。”

Word by Word

• {'arthaḥ / arthāḥ': 'wealth, material gain

• also ‘means’ or ‘purpose’ (here: wealth/gains)', 'dharmeṇa': 'by dharma

• through righteous means', 'satyāḥ': 'true, genuine, trustworthy', 'adharmeṇa': 'by adharma

• through unrighteous means', 'dhik': 'shame! a term of censure/condemnation', 'astu': 'let it be

• may it be (expressing a wish/imperative nuance)', 'tān': 'those (gains/wealth) / them', 'dharmaḥ': 'righteousness, moral law, duty', 'vai': 'indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)', 'śāśvatam': 'eternal, enduring', 'loke': 'in the world

• among people', 'na jahyāt': 'should not abandon/renounce (optative sense: ‘one should not’)', 'dhana': 'wealth, money', 'ākāṅkṣayā': 'by desire/longing

Speaker

पराशर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Parāśara

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Only wealth acquired through dharma is ‘true’ and worthy; wealth gained through adharma is blameworthy. One must not sacrifice eternal dharma for the sake of greed or material desire.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on conduct and values, the sage Parāśara delivers a moral maxim: he contrasts righteous and unrighteous means of acquiring wealth and urges steadfast adherence to dharma despite the temptation of riches.