Shloka 41
श्रेयो-धर्मकर्मविचारः
Inquiry into Śreyas, Dharma, and Karma
“तत्पश्चात् वह मनुष्यलोकमें एक कल्पतक स्वधर्मजनित बन्धनोंसे बँधकर क्लेश उठाता हुआ जब धीरे-धीरे अपनी तपस्याको बढ़ाता है
tataḥ paścāt sa manuṣyaloke ekaṃ kalpatakaṃ svadharmajanita-bandhanaiḥ baddhaḥ kleśam utpādayan yathā-śanaiḥ tapasyāṃ vardhayati; tataḥ haridrā-sadṛśa-kāntimān pīta-varṇaḥ devatā-bhāvaṃ prāpnoti. tatra api śataśaḥ kalpān vyatītya punar puṇya-kṣayāt manuṣyo bhavati (evaṃ sa devāt manuṣyaḥ, manuṣyāc ca devatā bhavati). haridravarṇas tu prajāvisargāt sahasraśas tiṣṭhati saṃcaran vai; avipramukto niraye ca daitya tataḥ sahasrāṇi daśāparāṇi. daitya, sahasra-kalpān devarūpeṇa saṃcarann api jīvo viṣaya-bhogebhyo na mucyate; pratyeka-kalpe kṛtānām aśubha-karmāṇāṃ phalāni niraye bhuktvā jīvaḥ ekonaviṃśati-sahasraṃ vividha-gatīḥ prāpnoti. tataḥ paścān narakāt pramucyate. manuṣyaṃ vinā anyāsu sarvāsu yoniṣu kevalaṃ sukha-duḥkha-bhogāḥ prāpyante; mokṣasya su-yogo na labhyate. etat tvayā samyag avagantavyam.
毗湿摩说道：其后，灵魂在人的世界里，被自身所当行之法（自性之法，svadharma）所生的枷锁系缚，忍受艰辛；当它渐次增长苦行（tapas）之力，便得一黄相神性，色如姜黄，光辉灿然。即便在天界，历经数百劫之后，福德既尽，仍复为人——于是它在天与人之间往来不息。然则，噫，代底耶啊，纵使以天身游行千千劫，众生亦未能脱离诸根之乐；并且在每一劫所造不善业之果，皆于地狱中受报，由此经历一万九千种不同的生存去处。至此方得脱离地狱。除人身之外，诸趣之中不过受乐受苦而已；解脱（moksha）之相应机缘并不现前。此理汝当明了。
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Even exalted heavenly states are temporary and do not by themselves free one from attachment to sense-enjoyment; the soul continues to reap the results of good and bad deeds across vast cycles. Human birth is singled out as the rare condition in which the proper opportunity for moksha can be pursued.
Bhishma instructs a Daitya about the soul’s long journey: through austerity it may rise to a radiant divine condition, but after merit is spent it returns to human life; due to unwholesome actions it also undergoes hell and many forms of rebirth. He concludes by stressing that non-human births yield only experiences of pleasure and pain, not the decisive opening for liberation.