Shloka 21
उशनसः (शुक्रस्य) चरितम् — The Account of Uśanā (Śukra): Yoga, Grievance, and Pacification
इस प्रकार मैंने सभी जीवोंको जन्म-मरणके चक््करमें पड़ा हुआ देखा है। शास्त्रका भी ऐसा सिद्धान्त है कि जैसा कर्म होता है, वैसा ही फल मिलता है ।।
tiryag gacchanti narakaṁ mānuṣyaṁ daivam eva ca | sukhaduḥkhe priye dveṣye caritvā pūrvam eva ha ||
毗湿摩说：“因此，我见一切众生陷于生死轮回。经论（śāstra）的宗旨亦如是：作何业，得何果。众生既已在乐与苦、爱与憎之境中流转，便依其所作之业，或堕地狱，或受畜生身，或得人身，或生天界。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches karmic retribution within saṁsāra: beings experience pleasure/pain and dear/hateful objects, and then—according to their actions—attain different destinations such as hell, animal birth, human birth, or divine birth. Moral causality (karma → phala) governs transmigration.
In the Śānti Parva instruction, Bhīṣma is advising on dharma and the workings of karma. He frames his counsel as both personal observation and śāstric doctrine, explaining how embodied beings move through various realms based on prior conduct.