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Shloka 16

Adhyāya 262: Śabda-brahman, Para-brahman, and the Ethics of Tyāga

Kapila–Syūmaraśmi Saṃvāda

पापात्मा सो5कृतप्रज्ञ: सदैवेह द्विजोत्तम | द्विजश्रेष्ठ) जो मनुष्य प्रमाणभूत वेदको अपने अप्रामाणिक कुतर्कद्वारा अमंगलकारी सिद्ध करता है, उसकी बुद्धि शुद्ध नहीं है, उसका मन सदा यहाँ पापोंमें ही लगा रहता है और वह अपने अशुभ कर्मके कारण पापाचारियोंके लोकों (नरकों) में ही जाता है ।।

pāpātmā so'kṛtaprajñaḥ sadaiveha dvijottama | kṛtavyam iti kartavyaṃ vetti vai brāhmaṇo bhayam ||

丘罗陀罗说道:“噢,二生中之最胜者,罪人若无真实辨慧,便在此世恒常倾向于恶。然婆罗门若知‘当作之事’即为‘义务’,并明了怠忽其义务之可怖后果,便能识得正行之道。”

पापात्माsinful-souled
पापात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपापात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अकृतप्रज्ञःof unformed/undisciplined understanding
अकृतप्रज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृतप्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
एहhere (in this world)
एह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
द्विजोत्तमO best of the twice-born
द्विजोत्तम:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजोत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कर्तव्यम्what ought to be done; duty
कर्तव्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्तव्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
कर्तव्यम्duty (as an object of knowing)
कर्तव्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्तव्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वेत्तिknows
वेत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

चुलाधार उवाच

चुलाधार (Chūlādhāra)
द्विजोत्तम (addressed Brahmin interlocutor)
ब्राह्मण (Brahmin)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts the unwise, sin-inclined person with the dharmic Brahmin: true wisdom is to recognize obligatory action as duty (kartavya) and to understand the grave danger (bhaya) of abandoning dharma—namely moral downfall and harmful consequences.

In Śānti Parva’s didactic dialogue, Chūlādhāra instructs a Brahmin interlocutor about ethical conduct. Here he emphasizes discernment: the misguided remain attached to sin, while the wise identify and perform duty, mindful of the peril inherent in adharma.