Shloka 37

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

सत्त्वसंसेवनाद धीरो निद्रामुच्छेत्तुमरहति । विद्वानोंने योगके जो काम

Transliteration

sattvasaṃsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati | vidvān yoge ye kāma-krodha-lobha-bhayaṃ ca pañcamaṃ svapnam—ime pañca doṣāḥ proktās teṣāṃ pūrṇatayā ucchedaṃ kuryāt | teṣāṃ madhye krodhaṃ śamena (manonigrahena) jayet, kāmaṃ saṅkalpatyāgena parājayet, tathā dhīraḥ sattvaguṇasaṃsevanena nidrāyā ucchedaṃ kartum arhati ||

Translation

毗耶娑说：由修养萨埵，坚毅之人便能断除过度的睡眠。明智的瑜伽修行者，当将学者所说五过尽皆根除：欲、嗔、贪、惧，以及（第五）梦想/迷妄。其中，嗔当以śama（奢摩：摄心寂静）而胜；欲当以舍离saṅkalpa（强迫性的执念之决意）而破。如此，修持萨埵者便能超越昏睡与懈怠。

Word by Word

• {'sattva-saṃsevana': 'cultivation/association with sattva (clarity, purity, balance)', 'dhīra': 'steadfast, self-possessed, disciplined person', 'nidrā': 'sleep

• here, torpor or excessive sleepiness', 'ucchettum / uccheda': 'to cut off, uproot, eradicate', 'vidvān': 'wise person, knower', 'yoga': 'discipline of inner integration

• spiritual practice', 'kāma': 'desire, craving', 'krodha': 'anger', 'lobha': 'greed', 'bhaya': 'fear', 'svapna': 'dreaming

• mental wandering in sleep', 'doṣa': 'fault, defect, moral/psychological blemish', 'śama': 'calmness

• mental restraint, pacification of the mind', 'manonigraha': 'control/restraint of the mind', 'saṅkalpa': 'resolve, intention, mental construction

• often desire-laden volition', 'saṅkalpa-tyāga': 'abandonment of desire-driven resolve/mental projections', 'jayet': 'should conquer', 'parājayet': 'should defeat'}

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A yogic aspirant should uproot five inner defects—desire, anger, greed, fear, and dream-wandering—using specific antidotes: calm self-restraint for anger, abandonment of desire-driven resolve for desire, and cultivation of sattva to overcome lethargy and excessive sleep.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on inner discipline, Vyāsa delivers practical guidance on conquering psychological obstacles that hinder yoga and ethical steadiness, emphasizing sattva and mental restraint as methods.