Shloka 21
भिक्षुलक्षणम्—एकचर्याः, अहिंसा, कैवल्याश्रमः
Marks of the Mendicant: Solitary Wandering, Non-Injury, and the Kaivalya-Discipline
धर्मद्वयं हि यो वेद स सर्वज्ञ: स सर्ववित् । स त्यागी सत्यसंकल्प: सत्य: शुचिरथेश्वर:
dharmadvayaṃ hi yo veda sa sarvajñaḥ sa sarvavit | sa tyāgī satyasaṅkalpaḥ satyaḥ śucir atheśvaraḥ ||
毗耶娑说：“真正通达二重达摩者——正当行事之道（pravṛtti）与退隐出离之道（nivṛtti）——便成全知而洞明。此人能舍离，立誓以真，言行皆真，内心清净，并具备正当主宰之能。”
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
Knowing both dimensions of dharma—pravṛtti (responsible engagement in action) and nivṛtti (withdrawal/renunciation oriented to liberation)—is presented as complete wisdom. This integrated understanding yields ethical excellence: renunciation without hypocrisy, truthfulness in intention and speech, inner purity, and the capacity for self-mastery.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa states a criterion for true spiritual-ethical authority: the person who comprehends the two paths of dharma is described through a chain of virtues (omniscience/discernment, renunciation, truthful resolve, truthfulness, purity, and mastery), emphasizing the ideal knower as a moral exemplar.