Shloka 10

आत्मदर्शन-उपदेशः (Ātma-darśana Upadeśa) — Mind, Senses, and the All-pervading Self

Devanagari script

भीष्म उवाच तस्मै प्रोवाच तत्‌ सर्व पिता पुत्राय पृच्छते । अतीतानागते विद्वान सर्वज्ञ: सर्वधर्मवित्‌

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca: tasmai provāca tat sarvaḥ pitā putrāya pṛcchate | atītānāgate vidvān sarvajñaḥ sarvadharmavit ||

Translation

毗湿摩说：其子既问，父亲毗耶娑——智者、全知者，通达一切法（dharma），洞见既往与将来——便为他尽皆开示。

Word by Word

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तस्मै: to him
• तस्मै: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Dative, Singular

• प्रोवाच: told, declared
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (प्र + वच्)
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• सर्वम्: all, entire
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पिता: father
• पिता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुत्राय: to (his) son
• पुत्राय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• पृच्छते: to (one who) asks / while (he) asks
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रच्छ्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

• अतीत-अनागते: in the past and the future
• अतीत-अनागते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतीत + अनागत
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Dual

• विद्वान्: wise, learned
• विद्वान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विद्वस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वज्ञः: omniscient
• सर्वज्ञः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वधर्मवित्: knower of all dharmas
• सर्वधर्मवित्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वधर्मविद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Vyasa
• Vyasa's son (Shuka)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames dharma-teaching as authoritative transmission: a supremely learned father, described as knowing past and future and all dharmas, responds fully to a sincere question from his son—highlighting inquiry (praśna) and complete instruction (upadeśa) as the ethical method of learning.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma introduces a teaching episode: Vyasa, prompted by his son's question, proceeds to explain the entire matter to him. The verse functions as a transition into Vyasa’s detailed instruction.