Shloka 17
बलीन्द्रसंवादः — Kāla, Anityatā, and the Limits of Agency
Mahābhārata 12.217
ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते । वाड्मनोनियम: सम्यड्मानसं तप उच्यते,ब्रह्मचर्थय और अहिंसाको शारीरिक तप कहते हैं। मन और वाणीका भलीभाँति किया हुआ संयम मानसिक तप कहलाता है
bhīṣma uvāca | brahmacaryam ahiṃsā ca śārīraṃ tapa ucyate | vāṅmanoniyamaḥ samyak mānasaṃ tapa ucyate |
毗湿摩说道：梵行（brahmacarya）与不害（ahimsa）称为身之苦行。对言语与心念的正当摄持，称为意之苦行。
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Tapas is primarily ethical self-discipline: bodily austerity is defined as brahmacarya (continence) and ahiṃsā (non-violence), while mental austerity is defined as proper restraint of speech and mind.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma is teaching Yudhiṣṭhira about the nature of austerity, distinguishing bodily tapas from mental tapas and grounding both in restraint and non-harm.