Shloka 32

अध्याय २०८ — इन्द्रियनिग्रहः, सत्याहिंसात्मकवाक्, कर्मफलविवेकः

Restraint of the Senses, Non-harming Truthful Speech, and Discernment of Karmic Consequence

Devanagari script

आत्रेयश्व वसिष्ठश्न॒ कश्यपश्च महानृषि:

Transliteration

ātreyaś ca vasiṣṭhaś ca kaśyapaś ca mahān ṛṣiḥ

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“阿特雷耶、婆悉吒与迦叶波——皆为伟大的圣仙。”在此语境中，毗湿摩援引受崇敬的ṛṣi为权威典范，以古圣先贤的证言与威德为据，奠定对达摩的论述。

Word by Word

• आत्रेयः: Atreya (sage)
• आत्रेयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्रेय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वसिष्ठः: Vasiṣṭha (sage)
• वसिष्ठः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसिष्ठ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कश्यपः: Kaśyapa (sage)
• कश्यपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कश्यप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• महान्: great
• महान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ऋषिः: sage
• ऋषिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Atreya
• Vasiṣṭha
• Kaśyapa
• Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

That dharma is best understood and validated through the authority of eminent ṛṣis; citing great sages strengthens an ethical argument by rooting it in respected tradition.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma, while instructing on dharma in the Śānti Parva, names renowned seers—Atreya, Vasiṣṭha, and Kaśyapa—either as witnesses, exemplars, or sources of authoritative teaching relevant to the ongoing discussion.