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Shloka 29

Brahmacarya-Upāya: Jñāna, Śauca, and the Mind’s Role in Desire (शान्ति पर्व, अध्याय २०७)

अहोरात्रं च कालं॑ च यथर्तु मधुसूदन: । पूर्वाह्न चापराह्न॑ च सर्वमेवानुकल्पयत्‌,इन्हीं श्रीमधुसूदनने दिन-रात, ऋतुके अनुसार काल, पूर्वाह्न तथा अपराह्न आदि समस्त काल-विभागकी व्यवस्था की

ahorātraṁ ca kālaṁ ca yathartu madhusūdanaḥ | pūrvāhnaṁ cāparāhnaṁ ca sarvam evānukalpayan ||

毗湿摩说道:摩度苏陀那(主)如法安立了时间的分段——昼与夜、四时及其应有的度量,又有上午与下午——乃至一切时分的秩序,皆由他所定。

अहोरात्रम्day-and-night (the full day)
अहोरात्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअहोरात्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कालम्time (division of time)
कालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यथर्तुaccording to the seasons
यथर्तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा + ऋतु
मधुसूदनःMadhusudana (Krishna)
मधुसूदनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमधुसूदन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पूर्वाह्नम्forenoon
पूर्वाह्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वाह्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपराह्नम्afternoon
अपराह्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअपराह्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वम्all (of it)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अनुकल्पयत्arranged/regulated
अनुकल्पयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु√कॢप्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Madhusūdana (Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

Educational Q&A

Time is not random but part of a divinely instituted order: day/night, seasons, and daily segments are structured to sustain dharma and regularity in life and ritual.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction in the Śānti Parva, he attributes the systematic division of time—daily and seasonal—to Madhusūdana, emphasizing divine governance of cosmic and social order.