Shloka 12
Doṣa-Parīkṣā and Guṇa-Viveka
Examination of Faults and Discernment of the Guṇas
Devanagari script
यदा निर्गुणमाप्रोति ध्यानं मनसि पूर्वजम् । तदा प्रज्ञायते ब्रह्म निकषं निकषे यथा
Translation
毗湿摩说道：当心中本初之禅观契入离诸性（nirguṇa）之境时，梵（Brahman）便被如实证知——如同黄金经由试金石反复磨验，其真质昭然。
Word by Word
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
निर्गुणम्quality-less, attributeless
निर्गुणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्गुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आप्नोतिattains, reaches
आप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
ध्यानम्meditation
ध्यानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्यान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मनसिin the mind
मनसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पूर्वजम्primeval, born before (the first cause)
पूर्वजम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्वज
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
प्रज्ञायतेis known, becomes clearly known
प्रज्ञायते:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
ब्रह्मBrahman (the Absolute)
ब्रह्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
निकषम्touchstone; test-stone
निकषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिकष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
निकषेon the touchstone
निकषे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिकष
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes