Shloka 4
Jñāna-yoga and Karma-phala: Manu–Bṛhaspati on Akṣara and the Limits of Mantra
Devanagari script
शौचमावश्यकं कृत्वा देवतानां च तर्पणम् । धर्ममाहुर्मनुष्याणामुपस्मृश्य नदीं तरेत्
Translation
每日当先行必要之净身，并作阿遮摩那（ācamana，漱口净仪）；继而入河沐浴；又当依其分际行暮晨礼（sandhyā-upāsanā）之后，向诸天等作塔尔帕那（tarpaṇa，献水供养）。智者称此为人类共同之法。
Word by Word
शौचम्purification, cleanliness
शौचम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशौच
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आवश्यकम्necessary, obligatory
आवश्यकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआवश्यक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
देवतानाम्of the deities
देवतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
तर्पणम्libation/oblation (act of satisfying)
तर्पणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतर्पण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्duty, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say, they call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormLat (present), Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
मनुष्याणाम्of humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
उपस्मृश्यhaving remembered, calling to mind
उपस्मृश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउपस्मृ
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
नदीम्a river
नदीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तरेत्should cross
तरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes