Shloka 2

Jñāna-yoga and Karma-phala: Manu–Bṛhaspati on Akṣara and the Limits of Mantra

Devanagari script

भीष्म उवाच दुराचारा दुर्विचिष्टा दुष्प्रज्ञा: प्रियसाहसा: । असंतस्त्विति विख्याता: संतश्षाचारलक्षणा:

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca durācārā durviciṣṭā duṣprajñāḥ priyasāhasāḥ | asantastv iti vikhyātāḥ santaś cācāralakṣaṇāḥ ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“大王，那些行止不端、举措乖谬、见解迷误、且喜好鲁莽放肆之人，世人称之为‘阿萨特’（asat，恶者）。而真正的善人‘萨特’（sat）则以其行为为标志：正行本身就是他们的特征。”

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'durācāra', 'definition': 'bad conduct

• immoral behavior'}, {'term': 'durviciṣṭa', 'definition': 'one of perverse/ill-directed actions

• badly behaved'}, {'term': 'duṣprajña', 'definition': 'of poor judgment

• misguided intellect'}, {'term': 'priya-sāhasa', 'definition': 'fond of rashness

• one who likes reckless daring'}, {'term': 'asat (asantaḥ)', 'definition': 'the wicked

• those lacking goodness'}, {'term': 'iti vikhyāta', 'definition': 'thus known

• so reputed'}, {'term': 'sat (santaḥ)', 'definition': 'the good

• the noble'}, {'term': 'ācāra', 'definition': 'conduct

• customary right practice'}, {'term': 'lakṣaṇa', 'definition': 'mark

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Moral identity is determined by conduct: the wicked are characterized by corrupt behavior, distorted actions, poor judgment, and love of reckless daring, while the good are defined by consistent right conduct (ācāra) as their distinguishing mark.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma is teaching Yudhishthira how to discern virtue from vice, offering a practical criterion: observe a person’s conduct, because it reveals whether one is sat (good) or asat (wicked).