Shloka 15

जनक-राज्ञः मौण्ड्य-परिव्रज्या-विवादः

Janaka’s Renunciation Questioned; Discourse on Dāna and Detachment

Devanagari script

नैव ते5स्ति परो लोको नापर: पापकर्मण: । धर्म्यान्‌ दारान्‌ परित्यज्य यस्त्वमिच्छसि जीवितुम्‌

Transliteration

naiva te 'sti paro loko nāparaḥ pāpakarmaṇaḥ | dharmyān dārān parityajya yas tvam icchasi jīvitum ||

Translation

阿周那说道：“作恶之人，既不得来世之安乐，亦不得今世之安宁。你舍弃合乎法度的正妻而欲独居，是走上可责之途；因此，无论现世之乐，抑或死后之乐，都不会属于你。”

Word by Word

• na: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na

• eva: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva

• te: of you/for you
• te: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: tvad
• Form: any, Genitive, Singular

• asti: is/exists
• Type: Verb
• Root: as
• Form: Present Indicative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• paraḥ: other/further
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• lokaḥ: world (here: the other world)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• na: nor/not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na

• aparaḥ: this/other (here: this world)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: apara
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• pāpakarmaṇaḥ: of the evil-doer / of one with sinful deeds
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpakarman
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• dharmyān: righteous/due-to-dharma
• dharmyān: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharmya
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• dārān: wives (lawful spouses)
• dārān: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: dāra
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• parityajya: having abandoned
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-tyaj
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: yad
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: tvad
• Form: any, Nominative, Singular

• icchasi: you desire/wish
• Type: Verb
• Root: iṣ
• Form: Present Indicative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• jīvitum: to live
• Type: Verb
• Root: jīv
• Form: Infinitive (Tumun), Parasmaipada (usage)

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna
• wife (dharmyā dārāḥ)
• this world (apara loka)
• the other world (para loka)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Personal conduct must align with dharma: abandoning one’s lawful spouse and duties is treated here as adharma, bringing loss of well-being both in this life and in the hereafter.

What is happening in the narrative?

Arjuna rebukes a person who wishes to live alone after abandoning a righteous wife, warning that such a choice is sinful and will not yield happiness either in the present world or in the next.