Shloka 456
Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation
तावती: स समा राजन् नरके प्रतिपद्यते । अतः न ब्राह्मणको गाली दे और न उसे कभी धरती पर गिरावे। राजन! ब्राह्मणके शरीरमें घाव हो जानेपर उससे निकला हुआ रक्त धूलके जितने कणोंको भिगोता है
tāvatīḥ sa samā rājan narake pratipadyate | ataḥ na brāhmaṇako gālī de aur na use kabhī dhartī par girāve | rājan! brāhmaṇake śarīrameṃ ghāva ho jānepara usase nikalā huā rakta dhūlake jitane kaṇoṃko bhigotā hai, use coṭa pahuṃcānevālā manuṣya utane hī varṣoṃtaka narakameṃ paṛā rahatā hai |
毗湿摩曰：“大王啊，此人将堕地狱如是多年。故不可辱骂婆罗门，亦不可将其击倒于地。大王啊，若使婆罗门身受创伤，则其血流所润湿尘埃微粒有多少，行凶者便在地狱中受苦多少年。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches that harming or even insulting a Brahmin is a grave adharma with severe karmic consequences: the punishment in hell is proportionate to the harm caused, emphasizing restraint in speech and action and the ruler’s duty to protect the socially and ritually revered.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma addresses the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) and lays down a rule of conduct: do not abuse or physically assault Brahmins. He illustrates the severity by a vivid measure—years in hell equal to the dust-particles wetted by the Brahmin’s spilled blood.