Shloka 13
Virūpākṣa’s Dāna and Gautama’s Burden — the approach of Rājadharma
Devanagari script
एष ते भरतश्रेष्ठ नृशंस: परिकीर्तित: । सदा विवर्जनीयो हि पुरुषेण विजानता
Transliteration
eṣa te bharataśreṣṭha nṛśaṁsaḥ parikīrtitaḥ | sadā vivarjanīyo hi puruṣeṇa vijānatā ||
Translation
毗湿摩说道：“噢，婆罗多族中最杰出者，这便是我所描述的‘尼利沙摩萨’（nṛśaṃsa，残酷之人）。明智之士应当永远避开他。”
Word by Word
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
भरतश्रेष्ठO best of the Bharatas
भरतश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नृशंसःcruel, ruthless (man)
नृशंसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिकीर्तितःhas been described/declared
परिकीर्तितः:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-कीर्त्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (PPP)
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
विवर्जनीयःto be avoided
विवर्जनीयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-वर्ज्
Formअनीय (gerundive), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Obligative (to be avoided)
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
पुरुषेणby a man
पुरुषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विजानताby one who knows/understands
विजानता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhishmaB
Bharataśreṣṭha (address to Yudhiṣṭhira)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
A wise and discerning person should recognize cruelty (nṛśaṁsatā) as a moral danger and deliberately avoid association with such a person.
In Bhishma’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira in the Śānti Parva, he concludes a description of the ‘nṛśaṁsa’ type—someone marked by pitiless conduct—and advises constant avoidance of such company.