Shloka 1
Adhyāya 164: Gautama as Guest; Kaśyapa’s Satkāra and the Fourfold Arthagati; Journey to Virūpākṣa
ऑपनआक्रात बछ। 2 त्रेषष्ट्याधिकशततमोब< ध्याय: काम
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | yataḥ prabhavati krodhaḥ kāmo vā bharatarṣabha | śoko moho ’vadhititsā ca parāsutvaṃ tathā madaḥ |
由提施提罗说道：“噢，婆罗多族中的雄牛，噢，至智的祖父——这些过失从何而生：嗔怒与欲望；忧悲与迷妄；违背正法之规的冲动；欲灭他人之心；以及醉于傲慢的狂态？愿你明明白白地开示其真实根源。”
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames an ethical inquiry: major inner faults—anger, desire, grief, delusion, transgressive impulse, murderous hostility, and pride—have identifiable causes, and understanding their origin is the first step toward their restraint and removal.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully asks the elder teacher (Bhīṣma) to explain the causal source of destructive mental states, setting up a discourse on diagnosing and overcoming moral and psychological दोष (doṣas).