Shloka 11

त्रिवर्गविचारः

Tri-varga Deliberation: Dharma, Artha, Kāma

Devanagari script

प्रेत्य चात्र मनुष्येन्द्र परमं विन्दते सुखम्‌ । दमेन हि समायुक्तो महान्तं धर्ममश्लुते

Transliteration

pretya cātra manuṣyendra paramaṃ vindate sukham | damena hi samāyukto mahāntaṃ dharmam aśnute, narendra |

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“人中至胜者啊，具足自制之人，于此世与身后皆得至上之乐。因为以达摩（dama）自律——制御诸根与其心——便能趋至伟大的达摩，王啊。”

Word by Word

• प्रेत्य: having departed (after death)
• प्रेत्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र-इ (धातु) → प्रेत्य (क्त्वान्त)
• Form: क्त्वा/ल्यप् (absolutive), अव्यय

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: निपात

• अत्र: here (in this world)
• अत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र
• Form: देशाव्यय

• मनुष्येन्द्र: O lord of men (king)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य-इन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• परमम्: supreme
• परमम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• विन्दते: attains, finds
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (लभे/विन्दते)
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada

• सुखम्: happiness
• सुखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• दमेन: by self-control
• दमेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि
• Form: निपात

• समायुक्तः: endowed with, joined with
• समायुक्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-आ-युज् → समायुक्त (क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महान्तम्: great
• महान्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• धर्मम्: dharma, righteousness
• धर्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अश्नुते: attains, reaches
• Type: Verb
• Root: अश् (व्याप्तौ/अश्नुते = प्राप्नोति)
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada

• नरेन्द्र: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर-इन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Yudhishthira

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma teaches that dama—self-restraint, especially mastery over the senses and mind—is a direct means to attain great Dharma and thereby the highest happiness in both this life and the next.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīṣma continues his ethical counsel for a ruler, emphasizing inner discipline as the foundation of righteous conduct and lasting well-being.