Shloka 6
Khaḍgotpattiḥ (Origin and Dharmic Function of the Sword) | खड्गोत्पत्तिः
भीष्म उवाच रागो द्वेषस्तथा मोहो हर्ष: शोको5भिमानिता । काम: क्रोधश्न दर्पक्ष तन्द्री चालस्यमेव च
bhīṣma uvāca | rāgo dveṣas tathā moho harṣaḥ śoko 'bhimānitā | kāmaḥ krodhaś ca darpaś ca tandrī cālasyam eva ca |
毗湿摩说道：“大王，贪染与憎恶、迷妄、欢喜与忧悲，以及我慢；欲望与忿怒、骄矜、昏睡与懈怠——这一切都当知为无明之相，因为它们皆由不知真理而起。从伦理而言，它们是内在的过失，遮蔽明辨，使人远离达摩。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma lists mental afflictions—attachment, aversion, delusion, emotional extremes, egoism, desire, anger, pride, lethargy, and sloth—as marks of ignorance. The ethical point is that these states distort judgment and lead one away from dharma; recognizing and restraining them is part of self-mastery.
In Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on dharma and inner discipline after the war. Here he is defining what counts as ‘ignorance’ by enumerating the passions and weaknesses that bind and mislead a person.