Shloka 49
Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)
ब्रह्मदत्त तवाच कालेन क्रियते कार्य तथैव विविधा: क्रिया: । कालेनैते प्रवर्तन्ते कः कस्येहापराध्यति
brahmadatta uvāca | kālena kriyate kāryaṃ tathaiva vividhāḥ kriyāḥ | kālenaite pravartante kaḥ kasyehāparādhyati ||
婆罗摩达多说道：“凭借时间，必须完成之事得以完成；同样，种种行为也因时间而生。正是时间使这一切运转——那么在此世间，谁又能真正说清是谁亏负了谁？”
ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse emphasizes the overpowering role of Kāla (Time) in bringing actions and outcomes to fruition, thereby questioning simplistic blame: if events unfold under the compulsion of Time, moral judgment should be tempered with insight into causality, inevitability, and the limits of individual control.
Brahmadatta is speaking in a reflective, didactic mode, interpreting human actions and conflicts through the lens of Kāla. He argues that diverse actions and their consequences are propelled by Time, leading to the rhetorical question of who can be singled out as the offender in worldly disputes.