Shloka 1
Kāpavya-carita (कापव्यचरित) — Reforming Dasyus through Regulated Rāja-Dharma
ऑपन-- माल बक। अकाल द्वात्रिशर्दाधिकशततमो< ध्याय: ब्राह्मणों और श्रेष्ठ राजाओंके धर्मका वर्णन तथा धर्मकी गतिको सूक्ष्म बताना युधिछिर उवाच हीने परमके धर्मे सर्वलोकाभिसंहिते । सर्वस्मिन् दस्युसादूभूते पृथिव्यामुपजीवने
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | hīne parame dharme sarvalokābhisaṃhite | sarvasmin dasyusādūbhūte pṛthivyām upajīvane ||
尤提希提罗说道：“祖父啊，当以护佑万民为根本的王者至上之法失其所守，遍地生计之资尽落盗贼之手；在这等最为惨烈的危难之时，若一位婆罗门出于慈悲，不能弃其子与孙，他当以何种生业维持性命？”
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames an āpaddharma problem: when royal protection collapses and society is dominated by predation, even a brāhmaṇa devoted to non-harm and family responsibility must ask what ethically permissible livelihood remains. It sets up Bhīṣma’s guidance on dharma’s subtlety under extreme conditions.
In Śānti Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira questions Bhīṣma about dharma after the war. Here he presents a scenario of social breakdown—robbers controlling livelihoods—and asks what a compassionate brāhmaṇa should do to survive without abandoning dependent children and grandchildren.