Shloka 5

Āpad-dharma and Discernment in Livelihood (आपद्धर्मे विज्ञानबलम्)

Devanagari script

षष्टिं वर्षसहस्राणि सो5तप्यद्‌ गौतमस्तप: । तमुग्रतपसा युक्त भावितं सुमहामुनिम्‌

Transliteration

ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi so 'tapyad gautamas tapaḥ | tam ugra-tapasā yuktaṁ bhāvitaṁ su-mahā-munim |

Translation

毗湿摩说：乔达摩行苦行六万年。凭借严峻的苦行戒律，这位大圣者——为其苦行之火（tapas）所净化、所成熟——成为自制与内在威力的典范。（在后续叙事中，阎摩，护持道法秩序的守护者，将前来观见这位已臻成就的苦行者。）

Word by Word

• षष्टिम्: sixty
• षष्टिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: षष्टि
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• वर्षसहस्राणि: thousands of years
• वर्षसहस्राणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्षसहस्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अतप्यत्: performed austerity / did penance
• Type: Verb
• Root: तप्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• गौतमः: Gautama
• गौतमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गौतम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तपः: austerity, penance
• तपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• उग्रतपसा: by fierce austerity
• उग्रतपसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: उग्रतपस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• युक्तम्: endowed, engaged
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युज्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, Past passive participle (kta)

• भावितम्: purified, perfected
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भू
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, Past passive participle (kta)

• सुमहामुनिम्: the very great sage
• सुमहामुनिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमहामुनि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Gautama

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Sustained tapas (disciplined austerity) purifies and matures a person, generating inner authority and moral force; such self-restraint is presented as a foundation for dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma describes Gautama’s extraordinarily long austerities and his resulting spiritual refinement, setting the stage for the next event in which Yama (as guardian of dharma) comes to meet or observe the accomplished sage.