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Shloka 52

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

नरश्रेष्ठ! वेदप्रतिपादित दोषोंका आचरण करने-वाले अपराधीके लिये जो व्यवहार या विचार होता है, वह वेदप्रत्यय कहलाता है (यह दूसरा भेद है) और कुलाचार भंग करनेके अपराधपर किये जानेवाले विचार या व्यवहारको मौल कहते हैं (यह तीसरा भेद है)। इसमें भी शास्त्रोक्त दण्डका ही विधान किया जाता है ।।

naraśreṣṭha! vedapratipādita-doṣāṇām ācaraṇa-kāriṇe 'parādhinē yā vyavahāra-vicāraḥ sa veda-pratyayaḥ (eṣa dvitīyo bhedaḥ); kula-ācāra-bhaṅga-doṣe kṛto yo vyavahāra-vicāraḥ sa maulaḥ (eṣa tṛtīyo bhedaḥ). atrāpi śāstroktasya daṇḍasyaiva vidhānaṃ kriyate. ukto yaścāpi daṇḍo 'sau bhartṛ-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaḥ; jñeyo naḥ sa narendra-stho daṇḍaḥ pratyaya eva ca; yataḥ sa viśvāsaś ca daṇḍaś ca rājany evāvalambitaḥ.

毗湿摩说道:“人中至善者啊,若有人因行吠陀所谴责之事而犯罪,对其所施之审议与程序称为‘吠陀所据’(Veda-pratyaya)——此为第二类。若其罪在于破坏祖先之俗、宗族之法,则所施之审议与程序称为‘本源’(Maula)——此为第三类。即便如此,也唯当施行论典(śāstra)所规定之刑罚。此外,先前所说‘依主信赖之刑’(bhartṛ-pratyaya-lakṣaṇa)当知寓于王身;因为民众之信与惩罚之权,终究皆系于王。”

उक्तःsaid, stated
उक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवच् (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwhich, who
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
दण्डःpunishment; the rod (authority)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असौthat (aforementioned)
असौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भर्तृ-प्रत्यय-लक्षणःhaving the characteristic of 'trust in the protector/king'
भर्तृ-प्रत्यय-लक्षणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभर्तृ + प्रत्यय + लक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञेयःto be known, should be understood
ज्ञेयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञा (तव्य/य-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; here: य-प्रत्यय ‘ज्ञेय’)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नःof us, our
नः:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive, Plural
सःthat
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरेन्द्र-स्थःsituated in the king
नरेन्द्र-स्थः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनरेन्द्र + स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दण्डःpunishment; authority
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रत्ययःtrust, confidence; conviction
प्रत्ययः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रत्यय (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (Narendra)
V
Veda (the Vedas)
Ś
Śāstra

Educational Q&A

Judicial reasoning and punishment must be grounded in recognized authorities: Vedic injunctions for Veda-condemned offences and clan custom for breaches of kula-ācāra; yet enforcement of śāstra-prescribed punishment ultimately rests on the king, because social trust and coercive authority depend on him.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma explains to the king how different kinds of offences are to be assessed—by Vedic standards or by established clan custom—and emphasizes that the effective locus of punishment and public confidence is the ruler.