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Mahabharata — Shanti Parva, Shloka 23

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

युधिष्ठि! असि, विशसन, धर्म, तीक्ष्णवर्मा, दुराधर, श्रीगर्भ, विजय, शास्ता, व्यवहार, सनातन, शास्त्र, ब्राह्मण, मन्त्र, शास्ता, प्राग्वदतांवर, धर्मपाल, अक्षर, देव, सत्यग, नित्यग, अग्रज, असंग, रुद्रतनय, मनु, ज्येष्ठ और शिवंकर--ये दण्डके नाम कहे गये हैं || २०-- २२ || दण्डो हि भगवान्‌ विष्णुर्दण्डो नारायण: प्रभु: । शश्वद्‌ रूपं महद्‌ बिशभ्रन्महान्‌ पुरुष उच्यते

yudhiṣṭhira! asi, viśasana, dharma, tīkṣṇavarmā, durādhara, śrīgarbha, vijaya, śāstā, vyavahāra, sanātana, śāstra, brāhmaṇa, mantra, śāstā, prāgvadatāṃ vara, dharmapāla, akṣara, deva, satyaga, nityaga, agraja, asaṅga, rudratanaya, manu, jyeṣṭha, śivaṃkara—ete daṇḍake nāma kahe gatāḥ || 20–22 || daṇḍo hi bhagavān viṣṇur daṇḍo nārāyaṇaḥ prabhuḥ | śaśvad rūpaṃ mahad bibhran mahān puruṣa ucyate ||

毗湿摩说道:“郁提施提罗啊,惩罚之杖(Daṇḍa)——那约束并统御的力量——有许多受敬仰的名号:剑、屠戮者、法(Dharma)、锐甲者、难堪者、怀藏昌盛者、胜利、统治者、正当行持、永恒者、经论(śāstra)、婆罗门、圣咒(mantra)、训导者、古来善言者之最、护法者、不坏者、神、行于真实者、恒行者、长者、无著者、鲁陀罗之子、摩奴、最年长者、以及赐吉祥者。此皆宣称为惩罚之权的名号。因为惩罚之权实即吉祥的毗湿奴;惩罚之权即主宰那罗延那(Nārāyaṇa)。他恒常承载广大而不朽之形,故被称为‘大丈夫’(Mahāpuruṣa)。”

युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
असिyou are
असि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
विशसनslayer; one who kills
विशसन:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविशसन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मDharma; righteousness
धर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तीक्ष्णवर्माone with sharp armor (epithet)
तीक्ष्णवर्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतीक्ष्ण-वर्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुराधरhard to bear/withstand
दुराधर:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुराधर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रीगर्भhaving splendor in the womb; containing prosperity (epithet)
श्रीगर्भ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्री-गर्भ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विजयvictory
विजय:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शास्ताruler; chastiser; governor
शास्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास् (धातु) → शास्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यवहारconduct; practice; legal procedure
व्यवहार:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सनातनeternal
सनातन:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शास्त्रtreatise; scripture
शास्त्र:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणBrahmin
ब्राह्मण:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मन्त्रmantra; sacred formula
मन्त्र:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शास्ताruler; chastiser
शास्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास् (धातु) → शास्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राग्वदताम्of those who speak as before/according to precedent
प्राग्वदताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राक्-वदत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वरexcellent; best
वर:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मपालprotector of dharma
धर्मपाल:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म-पाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अक्षरimperishable; syllable
अक्षर:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
देवgod; divine being
देव:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यगgoing in truth; truth-abiding
सत्यग:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य-ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यगever-going; constant
नित्यग:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य-ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्रजelder-born; elder brother
अग्रज:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्र-ज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असंगunattached
असंग:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअसङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रुद्रतनयson of Rudra
रुद्रतनय:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरुद्र-तनय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मनुManu
मनु:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्येष्ठeldest; senior
ज्येष्ठ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शिवंकरmaker of auspiciousness
शिवंकर:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशिवं-कर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दण्डकस्यof Daṇḍaka
दण्डकस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
नामnames
नाम:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
कथितानिhave been said/told
कथितानि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकथ् (धातु) → कथित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural, Passive (PPP used predicatively)
दण्डःthe rod; punishment; authority
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
भगवान्the Blessed/Lord
भगवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विष्णुःViṣṇu
विष्णुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दण्डःthe rod/punishment
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नारायणःNārāyaṇa
नारायणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभुःthe Lord; master
प्रभुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शश्वत्always; perpetually
शश्वत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशश्वत्
रूपम्form
रूपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बिभ्रन्bearing; carrying
बिभ्रन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभृ (धातु) → बिभ्रत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Present (participle), Parasmaipada
महान्great
महान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःPerson; Puruṣa
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called; is said
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive (Ātmanepada form)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Daṇḍa (rod of punishment/authority)
V
Viṣṇu
N
Nārāyaṇa
R
Rudra
M
Manu

Educational Q&A

The passage sacralizes political authority: Daṇḍa (discipline/punishment) is not mere force but a divine principle that protects dharma and sustains social order. When exercised rightly, it becomes the guardian of truth, law, and ethical life.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs King Yudhiṣṭhira on righteous rule. Here he lists honorific names of Daṇḍa and then identifies Daṇḍa with Viṣṇu/Nārāyaṇa, emphasizing that governance and justice are sacred responsibilities, not personal power.