Shloka 1
Gratitude, Discernment, and the Escalation of Power (Śvā–Dvipī–Vyāghra–Nāga–Siṃha–Śarabha Itihāsa)
षोडशाधिकशततमोब<्ध्याय: सज्जनोंके चरित्रके विषयमें दृष्टान्तरूपसे एक महर्षि और कुत्तेकी कथा युधिछ्िर उवाच (न सन्ति कुलजा यत्र सहाया: पार्थिवस्य तु । अकुलीनाश्न कर्तव्या न वा भरतसत्तम ||) युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भरतश्रेष्ठ)! जहाँ राजाके पास अच्छे कुलमें उत्पन्न सहायक नहीं हैं
bhīṣma uvāca | atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam | nidarśanaṃ paraṃ loke sajjanācārite sadā ||
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | na santi kulajā yatra sahāyāḥ pārthivasya tu | akulīnān kṛtavyā na vā bharatasattama ||
毗湿摩说道：“关于此事，博学之士亦常引一则上古史事为证——世间恒以之为贤德之人行止的至上典范。” 由提施提罗说道：“噢，婆罗多族中最卓越者！若一国之王身边没有出自良族的辅佐之臣，他是否可以任用出身卑微或门第不明之人作为助手，抑或不当如此？”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The passage frames a dharmic question of governance: when ideal, well-born aides are unavailable, a ruler must weigh lineage against practical competence and ethical reliability. Bhishma signals that the answer will be guided by an exemplary ancient story illustrating how the virtuous act in such dilemmas.
Yudhishthira asks Bhishma whether a king may appoint assistants of low or unknown lineage if no well-born helpers are available. Bhishma begins his reply by introducing an old itihasa (traditional story) used as a model for the conduct of good people, setting up the forthcoming illustrative tale.