Shloka 11

Satya–Anṛta Viveka (Discrimination between Truth and Falsehood) | सत्य–अनृत विवेकः

Devanagari script

धारणाद्‌ धर्ममित्याहुर्धमेण विधृता: प्रजा: । यः स्याद्‌ धारणसंयुक्त: स धर्म इति निश्चय:

Transliteration

dhāraṇād dharmam ity āhur dharmeṇa vidhṛtāḥ prajāḥ | yaḥ syād dhāraṇa-saṁyuktaḥ sa dharma iti niścayaḥ ||

Translation

毗湿摩说：“之所以称为‘达摩’，是因为它能‘持’与‘护’。凭借达摩，人民得以维系并凝聚为一体。因此，凡具备扶持、保存并护卫生命之力者——唯此才是达摩；这是通达达摩者的定论。”

Word by Word

• धारणात्: from/because of sustaining
• धारणात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धारण (धृ-धातु से भाव/क्रिया-नाम)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• धर्मम्: dharma
• धर्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• आहुः: they say
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह् (ब्रू/वद्-अर्थे)
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• धर्मेण: by dharma
• धर्मेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• विधृताः: supported/held up
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-धृ (क्त)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रजाः: creatures/subjects
• प्रजाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• यः: who/that which
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्यात्: would be/is (potentially)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• धारणसंयुक्तः: endowed with sustaining (power)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धारण + संयुक्त (सम्-युज् क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सः: that/he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मः: dharma
• धर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• निश्चयः: certainty/settled conclusion
• निश्चयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: निश्चय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• prajāḥ (the people/subjects)