Shloka 22
Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies
Gaṇa-nīti
क्रोधो भेदो भयं दण्ड: कर्षणं निग्रहो वध: । नयत्यरिवशं सद्यो गणान् भरतसत्तम
bhīṣma uvāca | krodho bhedo bhayaṃ daṇḍaḥ karṣaṇaṃ nigraho vadhaḥ | nayaty-arivaśaṃ sadyo gaṇān bharatasattama ||
毗湿摩说道：“婆罗多族中最卓越者啊！愤怒、结党分裂、恐惧、刑罚之暴力、削弱并拖拽他人下坠的恶习、强制拘束，乃至杀戮——当这些倾向在联邦或共和共同体中滋生时，便会立刻把人民送入敌人的掌控之下。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma teaches that a polity—especially a collective body like a gaṇa—collapses from within when it becomes ruled by anger, factionalism, fear, and coercive violence; such internal vices swiftly make it vulnerable to external enemies.
In the Shanti Parva instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhishma is explaining principles of governance and social stability, warning that internal discord and harsh coercion in a republic or assembly-state quickly results in subjugation by hostile powers.