Shloka 50
मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्
Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition
आर्टिरर्ते प्रिये प्रीतिरेतावन्मित्रलक्षणम् । विपरीतं तु बोद्धव्यमरिलक्षणमेव तत्
ārtiḥ arte priye prītir etāvan mitra-lakṣaṇam | viparītaṁ tu boddhavyam ari-lakṣaṇam eva tat ||
毗湿摩说道：“友人忧苦，我亦忧苦；友人欢喜，我亦欢喜——此即真友之标志。其心性若与此相反，当知正是仇敌之征。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
A true friend is empathetically aligned with you—sharing your sorrow in hardship and your joy in success; someone who rejoices at your suffering or suffers at your joy bears the disposition of an enemy.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Bhīṣma defines practical criteria to distinguish a genuine friend from an enemy based on emotional response to another’s fortune and misfortune.