Shloka 40
उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः
Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment
Devanagari script
जयं जानीत धर्मस्य मूलं सर्वसुखस्य च । या भीरूणां परा ग्लानि: शूरस्तामधिगच्छति
Translation
毗湿摩说道：诸位勇士，当知战中之胜，乃法（dharma）之根本，亦为一切安乐之源。那使怯懦者蒙受极大耻辱之事，勇者却欣然承受——无论是刀兵之击，抑或死亡。
Word by Word
जयम्victory
जयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जानीतknow (you all)
जानीत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormImperative, 2nd, Plural, Parasmaipada
धर्मस्यof dharma
धर्मस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मूलम्root, basis
मूलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वसुखस्यof all happiness
सर्वसुखस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वसुख
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
याwhich
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भीरूणाम्of cowards
भीरूणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभीरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पराgreat, extreme
परा:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ग्लानिःshame, dejection
ग्लानिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्लानि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
शूरःa brave man
शूरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ताम्that (her/it)
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अधिगच्छतिattains, reaches
अधिगच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-गम्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वीरO hero
वीर:
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes