Shloka 27
उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः
Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment
मोक्षे प्रयाणे चलने पानभोजनकालयो: । अतिक्षिप्तान् व्यतिक्षिप्तान् निहतान् प्रतनूकृतान्
bhīṣma uvāca | mokṣe prayāṇe calane pānabhojanakālayoḥ | atikṣiptān vyatikṣiptān nihatān pratanūkṛtān |
毗湿摩说：不可在敌军撤退或离去之际、在其往来行走之时、或在其饮食之刻加以击杀。亦不可攻击那些极度惊惶或神志错乱者、已被击倒者、或衰弱至无力自卫者。战阵之义在于克制：不可乘人之危、趁其不备，更不可将战争变为屠戮。
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Even in war, dharma imposes limits: one must not attack opponents at vulnerable, non-combat moments (withdrawing, moving about without engagement, eating or drinking) or those who are incapacitated by fear, confusion, injury, or weakness. Victory should not be sought through cruelty or opportunism.
In the Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on righteous conduct. Here he lays down specific battlefield prohibitions—who should not be struck and under what circumstances—framing warfare as regulated by moral law rather than unchecked violence.