Shloka 28
Chapter 59: Baladeva’s Censure, Keśava’s Restraint, and Yudhiṣṭhira’s Moral Accounting
Devanagari script
भ्रातृणां चैव पुत्राणां तथा वै शोकविह्लला:
Transliteration
bhrātṝṇāṃ caiva putrāṇāṃ tathā vai śokavihvalāḥ
Translation
三阇耶说：他们被悲痛所淹没——既为兄弟也为儿子同样哀号——被战争加诸于自家亲族的忧苦震得茫然失措。
Word by Word
भ्रातृणाम्of (their) brothers
भ्रातृणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पुत्राणाम्of (their) sons
पुत्राणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
वैindeed (emphatic particle)
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
शोक-विह्वलाःoverwhelmed by grief
शोक-विह्वलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशोकविह्वल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse underscores the human cost of war: even victory or duty-bound combat culminates in grief when one’s own brothers and sons are lost, highlighting the ethical weight of violence and the fragility of familial bonds amid conflict.
Sañjaya describes the aftermath or immediate impact of battle, portraying people (implicitly the Kuru side and their families/companions) as emotionally shattered, grieving for close relatives—brothers and sons—fallen in the war.