Mahabharata — Shalya Parva, Shloka 1

द्वैपायनह्रदे दुर्योधनान्वेषणम् / The Search for Duryodhana at Dvaipāyana Lake

Devanagari script

अफ-७#कर- (हृदप्रवेशपर्व) एकोनत्रिशो< ध्याय: बची हुई समस्त कौरव-सेनाका वध

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | tataḥ kruddhā mahārāja saubalasya padānugāḥ | tyaktvā jīvitam ākrande pāṇḍavān paryavārayan |

Translation

三阇耶说道：大王啊，随后首婆罗（沙昆尼）的随从们怒火中烧，抛却对性命的眷恋，在战场喧嚣之中从四面八方包围了般度五子。

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• क्रुद्धाः: angered
• क्रुद्धाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• सौबलस्य: of Saubala (Shakuni)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौबल
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• पदानुगाः: followers (those who go after the footsteps)
• पदानुगाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पदानुग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• त्यक्त्वा: having abandoned
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज्
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada-neutral

• जीवितम्: life
• जीवितम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जीवित
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आक्रन्दे: in the tumult/cry (of battle)
• आक्रन्दे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आक्रन्द
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• पाण्डवान्: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• पर्यवारयन्: they surrounded/encircled
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + वृ
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Śakuni (Saubala)
• Pāṇḍavas
• Kaurava army (Śakuni’s followers)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger and partisan loyalty can eclipse prudence and even the instinct for self-preservation. Ethically, it warns that when dharma is displaced by vengeance and factional attachment, warriors may embrace self-destruction and intensify collective ruin.

What is happening in the narrative?

After a turning point in the battle, Śakuni’s adherents, furious and desperate, abandon concern for their own lives and form an encirclement around the Pāṇḍavas, escalating the confrontation into a close, chaotic clash.