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Shloka 8

Kṛtavarmā–Sātyaki Chariot Duel and Kaurava Morale Shock (कृतवर्म-सात्यकि-द्वैरथम्)

संद्राव्यमाणं तु बल॑ परेषां परीतकल्पं विबभौ समन्ततः । नैवावतस्थे समरे भृशं भयाद्‌ विमृद्यमानं तु परस्परं तदा

saṃdrāvyamāṇaṃ tu balaṃ pareṣāṃ parītakalpaṃ vibabhau samantataḥ | naivāvatasthē samare bhṛśaṃ bhayād vimṛdyamānaṃ tu parasparaṃ tadā ||

三阇耶说道:被那头大象驱逼而溃逃的敌军,仿佛四面受困、无路可走。因极度恐惧,他们无法在战场上立足;继而在拥挤践踏之中,士卒相互冲撞,彼此踩踏,或踩人、或被踩。

संद्राव्यमाणम्being driven away / chased
संद्राव्यमाणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसंद्राव्य (√द्रु + सम्, caus.)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
बलम्army, force
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परेषाम्of the enemies / of the others
परेषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
परीतकल्पम्as if surrounded / seemingly encircled
परीतकल्पम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरीतकल्प
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विबभौshone, appeared
विबभौ:
TypeVerb
Root√भा
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
समन्ततःon all sides
समन्ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, at all
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अवतस्थेstood, remained
अवतस्थे:
TypeVerb
Root√स्था (ava-)
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भृशम्excessively, greatly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
भयात्from fear, due to fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
विमृद्यमानम्being crushed / trampled
विमृद्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविमृद्य (vi-√मृद्, pass. pres. part.)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुand/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
परस्परम्mutually, one another
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
तदाthen, at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
E
enemy army (pareṣāṃ balaṃ)
B
battlefield (samara)

Educational Q&A

Fear, when it overwhelms discipline, makes an army collapse from within: loss of steadiness (sthiti) leads to mutual harm, showing that inner control and order are as decisive in war as weapons.

Sañjaya describes the opposing force being driven into disorder—appearing encircled, unable to stand in battle due to terror, and getting crushed as soldiers collide and trample one another in the stampede.