Shloka 19

Kṛtavarmā–Sātyaki Chariot Duel and Kaurava Morale Shock (कृतवर्म-सात्यकि-द्वैरथम्)

Devanagari script

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत शल्यपर्वमें संकुलयुद्धविषयक उन्नीसवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ

Transliteration

pāñjālarājasya sutaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā tadārditaṃ nāgavareṇa tena | tam abhyadhāvat sahasā javena bhīmaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca śaineyaś ca ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：见般遮罗王之子被那最上之象猛烈蹂躏，毗摩、尸佉ṇḍī与赛涅耶（萨底耆）立刻以极快之势奔赴其前——出于战士之法，当在战阵纷乱中护持盟友。

Word by Word

• पाञ्चालराजस्य: of the king of the Pāñcālas
• पाञ्चालराजस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाञ्चालराज
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सुतम्: son
• सुतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• अर्दितम्: afflicted/tormented
• अर्दितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्दित
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle), अर्द्

• नागवरेण: by the best of elephants
• नागवरेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नागवर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• तेन: by that (one)
• तेन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अभ्यधावत्: ran towards/charged at
• Type: Verb
• Root: धाव्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, अभि

• सहसा: suddenly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा

• जवेन: with speed
• जवेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: जव
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• भीमः: Bhīma
• भीमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शिखण्डी: Śikhaṇḍī
• शिखण्डी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिखण्डिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• शिनेः: of Śini
• शिनेः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिनि
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• नप्ता: grandson (descendant)
• नप्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नप्तृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāñcāla
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Bhīma (Bhīmasena)
• Śikhaṇḍī
• Śaineya (Sātyaki)
• Nāgavara (a great elephant)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

In the midst of chaotic warfare, kṣatriya-dharma emphasizes swift protection of comrades and allies; valor is shown not only in attacking but also in rescuing those endangered.

What is happening in the narrative?

Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the Pāñcāla prince, is being badly pressed by a powerful elephant; seeing this, Bhīma, Śikhaṇḍī, and Sātyaki immediately rush toward him to intervene.