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Shloka 19

प्रत्यक्ष भूमिपालानां भवतां चापि संनिधौ । न्यस्तशस्त्रो मम पिता धृष्टद्युम्नेन पातित:

pratyakṣa-bhūmipālānāṁ bhavatāṁ cāpi saṁnidhau | nyasta-śastro mama pitā dhṛṣṭadyumnena pātitaḥ ||

“就在诸王聚集的众目睽睽之下,甚至在你们近旁之时,我父亲已然弃置兵刃,却仍被德里什塔丢摩那击倒杀害。”

प्रत्यक्षम्directly, before (one's eyes)
प्रत्यक्षम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रत्यक्ष
FormAvyaya (adverb)
भूमिपालानाम्of the kings
भूमिपालानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूमिपाल
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भवताम्of you (honorific, plural)
भवताम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
FormAvyaya (particle)
संनिधौin the presence
संनिधौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंनिधि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
न्यस्तशस्त्रःhaving laid down weapons; unarmed
न्यस्तशस्त्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootन्यस्तशस्त्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ममmy
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धृष्टद्युम्नेनby Dhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पातितःwas felled, was struck down
पातितः:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

कृप उवाच

K
Kṛpa
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
K
Kṛpa's father (Droṇa)
K
kings (bhūmipālāḥ)
W
weapons (śastra)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a key wartime ethical norm in the Mahābhārata: once a combatant has laid down weapons, attacking him is treated as a serious breach of kṣatriya-dharma. Publicly witnessed wrongdoing intensifies moral responsibility and fuels cycles of vengeance.

Kṛpa, speaking in the Sauptika Parva, recalls that his father Droṇa was killed by Dhṛṣṭadyumna while disarmed, and that this occurred in full view of many kings and the nearby leaders. He uses this memory to underscore the perceived injustice and to justify the anger driving subsequent actions.